Card barracks



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GARD BARRAGKS. No. 484,413. latentpd Oct. 18, 1892.

Javento] 1 (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. ESPITALLIER.

y GARD BARRAGKS. No. 484,413. A Patented Oct. 18, 1892.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 4;

In 2f@ 71,250 r Patented Oct. 18,189.2..

G.. ESPITALLIBR.

CARD BARRAGKS.

(No Model.)

WL'N/@JJEJ' Nirnn STATES A'rnfNr Fries.

GEORGE ESPITALLIER, 0F CHALON, FRANCE.

CARD BARRACKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,413, dated October18, 1892. Applieetien ined oeteber 10,1891. serien No. 408,358. (Nemodel.) Patented in rrenee Deeembee 12. 1888.110-194734- To all whom itmay concern:

'B e it known that I, GEORGE EsPrrALLiER, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, residing at Chalon, France, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in the Construction of Barracks, (patented in FranceDecember 12, 1888, No. 194,734,) of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description.

The two methods actually in use for the setting up of provisionalbarracks consist in establishing a wooden or iron skeleton serving as aframe for either a covering of wood or a brick wall. In the latter caseone can say that the barracks are not absolutely tranportable, and whenthey areto be demolished the material is almost completely lost.

The barracks with a double wood covering are healthy and handy. Theycan, if the necessity arises, be displaced; but in truth theirdemolition, the transportation, and the reconstruction require a longtime and cost almost as much as the construction of a new barracks. Thenumerous styles now in use with iron skeletons can be evidently easilyand rapidly mounted; but the weight of the parts is quite considerable,and these barracks have the drawback of being very expensive.

The object of my invention is to provide a portable barracks the wallsof which shall be light and strong, for which purpose said walls areconstructed of light material, in which is embedded a thin metallicplate or screen, which gives rigidity without adding materially to thethickness of the wall, and, further, it is my object to provide aportable framework for use with the walls adapted for easy dismountingand transportation and constituting, with said paneled walls, a completestructure. This new kind of barracks, in presenting the differentadvantages of similar constructions, is adapted for ready packing andtransportation in consequence of the lightness of its parts and thefacility of mounting them.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is is an elevation. Fig. 2 is aplan View. Fig. 3 is a section. Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of thetrestles at variable widths. Fig. 5 is a sectional View of the V- shapedunion of the panels. Fig. 6 is a similar view of a modification, showinga U-shaped union. Fig. 7

shows the details of connecting the panels forming the wall. Fig. 8 is adetail View of one form of connection for the panels. Figs.

9 and 13 are perspective and sectional views of .one ofthe arrangementsfor connecting the roof and wall. Figs. 10 and 11 show anotherarrangement of the connection ofthe roof and the wall, the parts beingseparated. Fig. 12 is a section of the flooring. Fig. 14 shows anothermodification of the manner of connecting the roof and wall. Fig. 15shows the mounting of the roof by bays. Fig. 16 is an arrangement forupper ventilation. Fig. 17 is a sectional view of a small section of theside pieces, enlarged.

Although the dimensions of the different pieces constituting myinvention are not absolute, I consider, however, as answering best tothe conditions of an easy handling those given in the followingdescription:

The element of the construction consists of a panel 1 of three meters inheight by 1.6 or 1.8 meters in Width, a regular tubular girder of tencentimeters in thickness. This panel is composed of two side pieces 2,united on U -shaped props et a or on the stays b b, similarly shaped.The sides are made either of compressed cardboard or of an inner sheetof perforated sheetiron or wire netting or screening, on which isagglomerated a paper paste, cellulose, sawdust, cork, dac., mixed withany kind of a cement. These agglomerations can be antiseptic mixtures.IVhatever maybe the composition, the agglomerations are stronglycompressed by means of rollers or presses on the two sides of the metalsheet. In a thickness which may be ot a few millimeters only care mustbe taken to avoid pulverization of the covering or to have one or morelayers of a large-meshed tissue in the mass. The same result is obtainedby using as an interior part a mixed trellis composed of metal and anysort of bers, on which the paste is compressed. These panels have thus agood resistance; but they can be made undulating, so as to give themstill more rigidity. Each part thus formed does not weigh more thanthirty-five to forty kilograms. They are therefore easily handled. Theyengage into one another by their alternate projecting edges,V-shaped, asin Fig. 5, or taking any other shape, as in Fig. 6. A continuous wall isthus formed of any desired dimensions.

In each part is awindow 35,which takes in half of the breadth. The doors35X are mostly made in gables. When the wall is put up, to finish makingall the parts solid they are connected two by two by means ofslightly-ilexible clasps 3, Fig. 8, engaging in convenientlyplacedscrew-eyes 4, set in so as not to project from the wall, or by means ofiron clamps 5, encircling the two contiguous posts, as shown in Fig. 7.These clamps are made of spring metal,as indicated in dotted lines, andhave hooked ends 36, adapted to pass through openings 37 in the plate38. In placing the clamps in position the prongs of the clamps arepressed toward each other and passed through the openings 39 in the sidepieces of the panels and through the openings in the plate 38, and whenthe prongs spring outward into normal position the hooks engage theplate 38, and thus hold the parts together. The screw-eyes of Fig. 8enter blocks 4X between the side pieces 2 of the panel and the eyes restin countersunk plates 3X. The roofing is composed of analogous panelswhose width is only eighty centimeters, so as to render the handlingstill more easy. In all cases the two panels forming the correspondingroof-sections are connected by the ridging where there are joints. Thesetwo panels fold over one on the other when the barracks is taken down,which facilitates the transport. In order that the pieces insert well inone another in case of frequent dismountings, the section ends of theroot' are V-shaped and offer alternately their concavity and eonvexity,so that'theycan easily enter into one another with a certain tightness.

The exterior side piece of the root' panels or sections is ofcard-board, like all the rest; but the edges 6, Figs. 5, 9, and lO, areraised a few centimeters, so that the water cannot enter the jointsbetween the two pieces. A. joint-cover of card-board 7 suffices thencompletely for the protection of the joint. A similar card-board ormetal ridge protects the junction of the two slopes of the roof. Theroof may be placed upon the wall, as in Fig. 14, or the root' may bespecially formed,l as in Figs. 9 and 13, in which case the panels of theroof have a groove 8, Fig. 13, in which the upper part of the wallengages. The groove is completed by cross-beams 9, of compressedcard-board, in U shape. These cross-beams can in certain cases be ofwood or of metal. It will be seen from this construction that one sideof the roof-panel-z1 e., the lower side-is cutaway to form arecess orgroove for interlocking with the adjacent panel of the wall, and thejoint thus formed is protected and covered by the remaining or upperside of the roof. Thus a very solid connection is obtained, presenting,moreover,

very great resistance to the passage of cold air. One might also simplyput the roof on the wall by using an abutting top timber. In themodified arrangement of Figs. 10 and 11 the joints of the roof-panelsalternate with 3 the same degree. 1 gienic conditions, I have assured anenergetlc ventilation.

those of the walls. These bear incisions 10, Fig. 11, for the passage ofthe roof-joints, Fig. 10. As will be seen from an inspection of thisligure, the lower side 50 of the root'- panel is cut away, leaving theprojecting joint portions 57 to rest in the recess 10 of thewall-panels. The upper side 52, however, is not cut away, and thus itextends over the entire upper edge of the wall-panel and protects thejoint formed by the recess lO and the projection 5l, aswell as the jointbetween the edge 50 and the inner side of the wall-panels.

The walls of the gables 11, Fig. 1, are formed in a manner similar tothe side walls before described. The barracks when set up may be held tothe ground by strong anglepieces 12 of any suitable material, or, asindicated in Fig. 4, the barracks may rest upon adjustable trestles 13which hold the barracks up from the ground. The flooring would be madeof panels formed by means of compressed card-board joists 14,in theformshown, retained between two boards 15 16, also of compressed card-board,of which the one conf stitntes the floor proper, while the other restson the ground when used for the ground iioor or constitutes the ceilingwhen used for the upper stories. The flooring can also be made bynailing compressed-card-board sheets on a frame or layer of wood.

The plastering of the walls can be made, as said, by compressedundulating card-board having great resistance. They can also be formedof card-board chased by stamps and decorated by varnishes or otherappliances, or else, finally, they can be of agglomerations onwire-netting. As seen, my barracks is surrounded all over by a layer ofair, which is very favorable to bad conductibility, which is desirablein the walls of an habitation. The exterior temperature acts inconsequence but slightly on the interior temperature, a preciousadvantage as well in hot countries as in the cooler latitudes and whichnone of the systems of barracks with plain board walls has realized inTo complete these good hy- The draft of fresh air could, if

the windows and doors did not suflice, be

. caused by openings conveniently formed in the double sides; but theessential and most l delicate point is the evacuation of the pntrifiedair. This air, being the lightest, because being the warmest, goes tothe top of the barracks and comes at the angle of the wall and ceilingto a series of small openings 17 in the ceiling-wall, Fig. 16, and goesthrough the space between the roof as far as the groove 18,

`formed in the ridge. This groove is again covered by a ridge-tile 19,of compressed cardboard, raised high enough to let the air escapefreely. The method of evacuation is very eiicacious, especially duringthel hot weather in summer, when the heating of the outer side callsforth an energetic draft.

IOO

IIO

I claim- 1. In combination, in a barracks, the panels formed of two sidepieces arranged with a space between them and the props or stays at theedges of the side pieces, said props forming approximately-transversecontinuations of the side pieces to form end walls of the same thicknessthereof and consisting of channeled material, whereby the said props areadapted to lock with each other, substantially as described.

2. In a barracks, the combination of the panels formed of the sidepieces and the interlocking props or stays at the edges thereof and theadditional means for securing the adjacent edges together, consisting ofthe removable spring-clamps extending across the joint from one sectionto the other and secured at each end to the sections, substantially asdescribed.

3. In a portable structure and in combinaiion, the roof-panels formed ofthe upper and lower pieces and having interlocking stays, and theprojecting edges 6,abutting each other, and the covering 7 for saidedges, substantially as described.

4. The combination, in abarracks,of the two parts', roof and wall, eachof said parts being formed of panels having parallel sides held 3o at aslight distance apart and interlocking edges, the panel of one of saidparts having one side cut away to form a recess or groove to interlockwith the adjacent panel of the other part., the joint thus formed beingcovered by the remaining side of the recessed panel, substantially asdescribed.

5. In combination, the roof-panel formed of parallel sides, the lowerside being cut away to form a recess, the cross-beams 9 on each side ofthe said recess, and the wall-panel fitting up into the said recess andcovered bythe top side of the roof-panel, substantially as described.

6. In a portable structure, and in combination, the panels forming thewalls, the panels forming the roof, said panels being formed hollow withinterlocking edges, the roof-panels having the opening 17,connecting themain interior space of the panel with the interior of the structure, andthe opening I8 near the ridge, leading from the interior of the panel tothe outside, and the ridge-coverin g 19, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof specification in the presence of two ing witnesses.

I have signed this subscrib- G. ESPITALLIER.

Witnesses:

M. MOQUET, FRANcoIs MnR'rENs.

